初中英语中Be 动词的用法归纳

初中英语中Be 动词的用法归纳

be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法：

功能一，系动词be

be为连系动词，中心词义是\"是\"，句型为\"主＋系＋表\"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)等。如：

To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)

The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)

It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)

She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)

功能二，助动词be

助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：

1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：

The girls is reading and copying the new words now.

Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：

Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)

This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)

Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)

How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)

That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)

3. be+going to do，表示\"打算或将要做某事\"，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：

We are going to plant trees in the park.

I didn't know if she was going to come here.

4. be+to do，表示\"按计划安排将要做某事\"。如：

The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.

One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have thi

s special boy.

功能三，there be

there be句式为：there be+主语部分＋状语部分，表示\"某处存在某物\"，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：

Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.

There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.

Will there be a football match in your school next week?

功能四，实义be

可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如\"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达\"等。如：

His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.

Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.

Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.

初中英语中Keep 用法归纳

在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其常见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。

一、用作及物动词

1. 意为\"保存；保留；保持；保守\"。如：

Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？

I'll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。

It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。

Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？

2. 意为\"照顾；养活\"等。如：

She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。

I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。

3. 意为\"留下；不必还\"。如：

You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。

Keep the change.不用找零钱了。

4. 意为\"遵守；维护\"。如：

Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必须遵守规章制度。

The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。

5. 意为\"售；卖\"。如：

The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。

He keeps everything you will drink.他出售你想喝的各种饮料。

6. 意为\"记(日记、帐等)\"。如：

She keeps a diary every day.她坚持每天记日记。

He keeps exact accounts of the money he spends and a diary of the events of his holidays.他详细地记载他所花的钱数和假期中所发生的事情。

7. 意为\"使……保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)\"。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如：

We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词)我们应保持教室整洁干净。

You'd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。

The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。

Don't keep me waiting for long.(现在分词)别让我等太久。

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。

二、用作连系动词

构成系表结构：keep＋表语，意为\"保持，继续(处于某种状态)\"。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如：

You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词)你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。

Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。

Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.(介词短语)英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。

注意：一般情况下，keep后接形容词较为多见。再如：

She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。

Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。

三、与介词或副词搭配，构成动词短语

1.keep away意为\"(使)离开；(使)不接近\"，其后常接介词from。如：

Would you keep your dog away from my boy, please? 请把狗拉得离我孩子远点好吗？

Keep everybody away from the accident.人人远离事故！

2.keep back意为\"阻止；留在后面\"。如：

She sat down quietly, but she couldn't keep

back her tears.她静静地坐下来，却忍不住流下了眼泪。

3.keep together意为\"在一起；动作协调\"。如：

Keep together, please.请聚在一起。

The eight men kept together during the boat race as though they were

one.赛船时，这8个人动作协调，好像一个人似的。

4.keep up意为\"持续；使不低落\"。如：

The noise kept up all night.噪音整夜持续着。

To keep your strength up, eat well and get enough sleep.为了保持力气，要吃好、睡足。

5.keep up with意为\"跟上；和……来往\"。如：

I'm trying my best to keep up with the others in class.我正在设法赶上班里的其他人。

Do you still keep up with Tom? 你和汤姆还有联系吗？

6.keep...in mind意为\"把……记在心里\"。如：

The teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老师要我们把这些句子记在心里。

四、含keep的常用句型

1.keep doing sth. 意为\"继续干某事\"，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。如：

He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。

Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就行。

2.keep on doing sth. 意为\"持续做某事\"。如：

The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。

I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我总是想起下午的那场比赛。

3. keep...from doing sth.意为\"阻止/防止……做某事\"。如：

The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。

初中英语中Like 用法归纳

like一词具有多种词性和词义，以及多种用法。现简述如下：

一、用作动词：

1.like+名词/代词，意为\"喜欢某人或某物\"。例如：

Tom likes fish very much.汤姆非常喜欢鱼。

Mr Wang is a good teacher.We all like him. 王老师是个好老师，我们都喜欢他。

2.like to do sth. 意为\"(偶尔或具体地)喜欢做某事\"。例如：

I like to swim with you today.今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。

3.like doing sth. 意为\"(经常或习惯地)喜欢做某事\"。例如：

He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。

4.like sb. to do sth.意为\"喜欢某人做某事\"。例如：

She likes them to ask questions like this. 她喜欢他们像这样问问题。

5.would like to do sth. (=want to do sth.)意为\" 想要做某事\"。例如：

I'd like to go shopping with you.我想要和你一起去买东西。

6.would like sb. to do sth.意为\"想要某人做某事\"。

I'd like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我的父母亲。

二、用作介词：

1. be like, look like后接名词或代词作宾语，意为\"像……；跟……一样\"。例如：

What is he like?他是怎么样的一个人？

The little girl looks like her father.那个小姑娘看起来像她的父亲。

2. feel like后接V?鄄ing形式、代词或名词，意为\"想要做某事\"。例如：

Do you feel like having a rest?你想休息吗？

We'll go for a walk if you feel like it.如果你想散步，我们就去吧。

三、常见句型：

1. What do you like about...？意为\"关于……你喜欢什么？\"，用来询问对方所喜欢的内容。例如：

-What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么？

-The food and the people.食物和人民。

2. How do you like...？意为\"你认为……怎么样？\"(＝What do you think of...？)例如：

-How do you like the film?你认为这部电影怎么样？

-It's very interesting.很有趣。

3. Would you like +名词 ／ to do sth.?意为\"你想要……吗？\"，用来询问对方是否需要什么或征求意见与看法。例如：

Would you like some water?你想要一些水吗？

Would you like to play football with us?你愿意和我们一起去踢足球吗？

初中英语中Do 的四种用法

动词do在句中的作用可以概述为四句十二字：\"做\"实义，助动词，替前文，强语气。

作用一：实义do

do作实义动词时，有do, does, did, done, doing五种形式，还有及物、不及物之分。如：

1. vt. \"做；研究；整理；完成\"。如：

①The old man does an hour of sport every day.

②She did her homework at home last night.

③Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home.

④Have you done the exercises yet?

2. vi. \"行动；工作；进展；足够\"。如：

①Kate does very well in her Chinese.

②How do you do?

③Well done!

④That will do.

作用二：助动do

do作助动词时，只有do, does, did三种形式，无词义，限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。如：

①They don't have any tickets for tonight's concert.

②Kate stayed at home last night, didn't she?

③How many books does the library have?

④She doesn't do the washing in the evening.

作用三：替代do

为避免动词的重复，使语言简练，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行为动词。如：

①Tom runs much faster than you do.

②-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?

-Sure. I'll do it right away.

②-Who broke the cup?

-Mimi did.

③-I like bananas.

-So does he.

作用四：语气do

为突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、强调句和倒装句中，以加强语气。如：

①Do be careful.

②Don't tell a lie.

③He did come.

④-You often go to the park.

-So we do.

中学英语语法之否定形式表示肯定意义归纳

否定形式表肯定含义

英语中有些句子形式上是否定的，但是内容含义上却是肯定的。

一、 cannot wait 后跟不定式， 意为“急于做”，表示强调的肯定

I couldn’t wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。

I cannot wait to read the book. 我非常渴望读到这本书。

二、 cannot/couldn’t＋too意为 “越……越…… ，非常，无论怎样……也不过分” 在此结构中，cannot 也可改用can hardly，scarcely，never，impossible；too也可改用over，enough等。

A man can never have too many friends. 朋友越多越好。

He cannot see you quickly enough. 他想很快见到你。

三、 not… until/ till 意为 “直到……的时候才”

People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.人们失去时间后才知道时间的价值

It was not until the next day that I knew that truth. 直到第二天我才知道真相。

He did not go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他母亲回来他才睡觉。

四、否定词＋but

1、not(no)…but

There is no man but has his faults. 人皆有过。

No one believes but she will succeed. 人们相信他会成功。

There is no one but knows him. 人人都认识他。

2、 never (not)…but (that) 意为 “每当……, 总是……, 没有哪次不是……”。

I never see you but I think of my mother. 每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。

He will not be angry but that he is offended. 人们惹了他他才会生气。

3、 nothing but /none but 意为 “仅仅,只,只有……才”。

We can see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。

None but me knew what happened. 只有我知道发生了什么事情。

He chose none but the best. 他只选最好的。

五、 not long before 意为“不久……就……”

It was not long before he appeared. 他不久就出现了。

六、 否定词＋without 意为 “ 每 …… 必”

What appeared to me wonderful was that none of the ants came home without bringing something. 使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回来都带回一些东西。

There is no smoke without fire. 有烟必有火。

七、 no (none) other than意为 “仅仅,完全”

She is none other than my teacher. 她正是我的老师。

The letter was written by none other than Mary. 写这封信的正是玛莉。

八、 too + 形容词 / 副词 + not ＋ 不定式 “非常……必定能，太……不会不”

1. 本句型是对too … to 的否定，表示肯定意思。

His speech was too good not to stir the audience. 他的演讲太好了，不会不使观众轰动。

He is too foolish not to say it. 他那么傻，不会不把这事说出来。

2. 若 把否定词放到前面not too … to 表示这并不太……所以能。

He is not too old to do it. 他做这件事，年龄并不老。

3. never too … to (永不/决不……)。

It is never too late to give up prejudices. 放弃偏见永远不晚。

九、 more often than not意为 “常常,往往”

John is a good swimmer. He wins more often than not.

约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。

The street is crowded more often than not. 这条大街常常很拥挤。

十、 否定词＋比较级( 相当于最高级)

I couldn’t agree more. 我非常同意。

Nothing is more valuable than health. 健康是最宝贵的。

十一、 not a little意为 “很,很多”

He is not a little tired. 他非常累。

He has not a little experience. 他有着丰富的经验。

十二、 某些不用回答和表达说话人感情的疑问句

1. 否定修辞性疑问句表示非常强烈的肯定。

Who does not know? (=Everybody knows.) 谁不知道?(意思是“人人知道”)

2. 否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定。

Isn’t that beautiful! 多么美丽呀!

Isn’t she a sweet girl! 她多么可爱啊!

注：这种疑问句用来回答别人的问题或对别人的谈话做出反应,以强调自己和对方的意见一致。

---Lovely day, isn’t it? 天气真好啊,是不是?

---Yes, isn’t it! 是啊,真好!

3. 祈使疑问句。

Won’t you have some beer? 请喝点啤酒吧！

Won’t you sit down! 请坐呀!

十三、否定的习惯用语表示的肯定

有些习惯用法,虽然形式上是否定的,但意义却是肯定的。

He’ll be at home now, as likely as not.(=He’ll probably be at home now.)

他很可能现在在家。